Recently, I read the book On Writing Well by William Zinsser. The book focuses on how to improve nonfiction writing. I found a lot of parallels between his points on nonfiction writing and public speaking. Here are a few of them:
1. Don’t Feel Obligated to Make Your Speech the Final Word
Don’t fall into the false assumption that your speech needs to be the definitive or final authority on a subject. Instead, choose an aspect of the topic that interests you and deliver it well. If you try to make your speech the ultimate word on the subject, you may never even begin—overwhelmed by the daunting task ahead.
2. The Human Element Connects Better With the Audience
Your topic should have a human touch. It should reflect emotional struggles, personal experiences, and real stories—rather than just focusing on abstract concepts. Without a human element, a speech can feel dry. That’s why many college and school lectures seem boring—they’re filled with concepts but lack connection.
Back in my school days, we had an English teacher who was a fantastic storyteller. He taught us The Count of Monte Cristo, and we never wanted his class to end. I understand that storytelling isn’t always easy, especially in subjects like Chemistry or Mathematics. But even in those areas, you can share stories about the scientists who made discoveries or the background of a particular compound to make the material more engaging.
3. See Speaking as a Craft, Not an Art
Don’t assume that one day you’ll suddenly get inspired and transform into a great speaker. Like any skill, speaking takes consistent practice. If motivation doesn’t come naturally, push yourself to speak every day. You can practice in front of a mirror or a camera—even just for a few minutes.
Over time, you’ll become more confident and proficient. Don’t wait around for sudden inspiration—treat speaking as a craft that improves with effort.
4. Capture the Audience’s Attention—and Don’t Let It Go
A speaker should grab the audience’s attention right from the start. This could be done through an unusual idea, a compelling story, an interesting fact, or a thought-provoking question.
Do your research to uncover unique angles and engaging content. Sprinkle these insights throughout your speech to keep it lively. Great material can be found anywhere—on signs, billboards, packaging, graffiti, utility bills, or even in obscure corners of the newspaper.
And don’t forget to add moments of surprise. Surprise is a powerful tool—it refreshes the audience and keeps them curious. Use it to share unexpected or fascinating information that makes your speech memorable.
5. Practice. Practice. Practice.
When writing, you start with a draft and then go through multiple rounds of revision—improving clarity, refining word choice, and cutting out unnecessary content. Speaking works the same way. The essence of good speaking is practice.
Try doing extemporaneous or impromptu speeches on subjects you know well—topics you've spent countless hours exploring. For subjects you’re less familiar with, practice becomes even more crucial. It helps you structure your thoughts and deliver your message clearly.
While heavy practice might seem like it kills spontaneity, it actually does the opposite—it frees you up to be more confident, natural, and engaging.
6. Plan the Best Style and Approach to Convey Your Topic
The purpose of your speech might be to inform, persuade, entertain, or inspire your audience. Whatever the goal, choose a style and tone that best supports it.
For example, if you're pointing out quirks in society—like young people wearing extremely loose pants—consider using humor instead of sounding preachy. A lighthearted approach often connects better and makes your message more relatable.
7. The Audience Should Feel That the Speaker Is Feeling Good—Even If They’re Not
If the speaker is enthusiastic about the topic, that energy naturally transfers to the audience. On the other hand, if the speaker appears overly nervous or uneasy, the audience will pick up on that discomfort too.
So, even if you’re not feeling your best, try to project a positive, confident mood. A cheerful tone helps put your audience at ease and keeps them engaged.
8. Bring the Story Full Circle
Conclude your speech by returning to the point you started with. This creates a sense of symmetry and completion that’s deeply satisfying for the audience.
These were some nuggets I learned about Public Speaking by reading a book on writing.